Introduction — Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) are benign inflammatory and hyperplastic outgrowths of the sinonasal mucosa [1]. It is a disease that seriously affects the quality of life of patients by causing nasal congestion, snoring, postnasal discharge, nasal discharge, loss of sense of smell/taste. The prevalence of CRSwNP is 1%…

Introduction — Silver particles have been used as antibacterial agents since the 19th century, and now their uses have diversified to include many new physical, chemical and biological ones [1–4]. AgNPs are considered to be one of the most widespread NPs, with about 500 tons of annual global production [5]. More recently…

Opinion — Muhammad al-Ghazali (1059–1111) in his ethical system, also expressed an opinion about the upbringing of children. He calls the child “enlightened, consanguineous, a continuation of life and the most precious gift of life”. He says to the parent: “Know that the child is amanat (i.e. not property, but a temporary…

The Challenge — Health Care Simulation is widely used to train healthcare professionals as it contributes to long-term retention of acquired complex technical, clinical and teamwork skills when compared to traditional learning methods. In addition, translational science research shows that measured outcomes transfer to improved patient care practices, and improved patient and public…

Short Communication — Gaseous signal molecules, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbonic oxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), widely exist in most tissues of the body, and exert important physiological functions. These molecules are endogenously synthesized and catabolized, can freely diffuse across the plasma membrane and regulate certain biological processes at physiological concentrations…

Preface — Otosclerosis is a primary osteodystrophy of the otic capsule or a disorder of bone remodelling incriminating the stapes footplate or bony labyrinth of the inner ear. Otosclerosis literally implies “abnormal hardening of body tissue of the ear”. The condition is confined to the middle ear and is associated with anomalous…

Introduction — Equine palmar foot syndrome is a common cause of front limb lameness in the horse [1]. The podotrochlear apparatus is a special anatomic feature in the horse due to the deep digital flexor tendon needing a pulley before the insertion on the distal phalanx. The navicular bone (navicular bursa: NB)…

Introduction — Research possesses an important role in nursing practice development which can provide an opportunity to develop new knowledge and improve nursing care [1]. Recently, there is an increased focus on research conducted to compare clinical approaches [2]. Because the results of these studies are more patient-centred and generalizable [3]. Also…

Introduction — During last years, increased use of devices producing electromagnetic wave, has attracted researcher’s attention to possible effects of them on human health. Electromagnetic waves have different shapes, they are classified according to their frequencies and wavelength [1]. Today, effects of electromagnetic waves with low frequency (ELF) have been attracted researcher’s…