Introduction — Mckibben artificial muscles [1–5] are of interest because of their practical engineering performances such as large contraction strains, high blocked forces and short response time. Since these performances are comparable to those of biological muscles, the demand for employing these muscles for robotic tools and medical devices is high. Mckibben…

Introduction — Advances in the field of molecular biology and chemistry have driven the studies in biosensing to an important and necessary level. The increasing attention of the population to healthcare summed to the alterations in their alimentary and social habits significantly changed the needs for personal health. Miotto, et al. [1]…

Introduction — What is the Telepathy? Objective data indicates that a significant percent of general population experience the feeling described as they had undefined communications with other persons who are not in contact with them. They define this exceptional perception in various visual or auditory modalities which are correlated with an altered consciousness state. …

Background — Plasmodium vivax is one of the most widely distributed specie of genus plasmodium causing infection in humans with approximately 80 million new cases annually. Although severe infection with P. vivax is extremely rare Kochar et al has reported a case of P. vivax presenting with severe infection leading to severe…

Introduction — Infertility is a prevalent condition affecting an estimated 72, 4 million people globally that is well recognized by The World Health Organization (WHO). Although prevalence data are lacking, 9% of couples struggle with fertility issues and male factor contributes to 50% of the issues. Many genetic and lifestyle factors have…

Introduction — Energy is recognized as an important material basis as well as a guarantee for human survival and development all the time [1,2]. However, with the excessive use of coal, petroleum and natural gas, the ever-increasing energy shortage and environmental contamination had become two major challenging problems facing all global nations…

Introduction — Severe systemic infections (sepsis) can cause cytokine storm and lead to acute brain inflammation through the overproduction of proinflammatory factors, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines release by activated microglia [1]. Acute brain inflammatory responses might result in both short-term behavior alterations (sickness behavior) and…

Introduction — If we expose biological tissue to Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields (PEMF) we can induce a measurable biological response and modulate inflammatory processes, promote bone repair, repair of skin wounds, even chronic ones, improve metabolic processes. Electromagnetic fields can interact with biological tissue inducing responses depending on their frequency and intensity. In…

Introduction — Extranodal Natural Killer/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type(ENKL), is a rare malignancy of Non-Hodgkin lymphoma characterized by an aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis [1]. It is mostly endemic to East Asia and is associated with Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) infection [2]. Its lesions are predominantly present in the Upper Aerodigestive Tract (UADT)…